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Hybrid Termite Swarms Confirmed in Florida — Scientists Warn of Spread and Damage

10:07 PM, 11/26/2025

Genetic testing has confirmed hybrid swarms of Formosan and Asian subterranean termites in southern Florida, with hybrids detected annually since 2021 and as recently as April 2025. Researchers from the University of Florida published the findings in Proceedings of the Royal Society B and warn the hybrids may spread beyond the state. While termites play useful ecological roles, large invasive colonies can cause major structural and agricultural damage. Scientists are studying the hybrids to identify vulnerabilities and develop targeted pest-management strategies.

Researchers in southern Florida have confirmed persistent hybrid swarms formed by two invasive termite species: the Formosan subterranean termite and the Asian subterranean termite. Genetic testing of specimens collected near Fort Lauderdale shows individuals carrying genetic markers from both parental lineages, indicating ongoing interbreeding.

Associate Professor Thomas Chouvenc of the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences says field teams began noticing unusual specimens and courtship behaviors about a decade ago. Subsequent sampling and laboratory analyses led to the finding published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

"Since then, we have confirmed the presence of hybrid swarms every year since 2021, including in April 2025," Chouvenc said.

Both parent species are known for building very large colonies and producing winged reproductives that disperse to found new nests. State officials warn that Formosan colonies in particular can grow far larger than many native U.S. termite colonies and are associated with more extensive structural damage.

Ecological and economic implications

Termites play important ecological roles — breaking down organic matter, improving soil quality, and helping sequester carbon in soils — but invasive populations can harm agriculture, damage buildings, and alter ecosystems. Termite activity also releases greenhouse gases such as methane, a contributor to climate warming.

Researchers caution that the hybrid swarm identified so far may not remain confined to Florida. Field evidence suggests hybridization has been occurring for roughly 10 years, and ongoing monitoring has detected hybrids annually since 2021.

What scientists are doing and what you can do

Scientists are studying the hybrids to understand their biology, behavior, and potential vulnerabilities so that targeted pest-management strategies can be developed. At present there is no known way to halt the hybridization process, but targeted control, monitoring, and early detection can limit damage and slow spread.

If you suspect termite activity on your property, contact a licensed pest-control professional or your local agricultural extension office for inspection and guidance. Keeping records of sightings and damaged wood can help researchers and pest managers respond more effectively.

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