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Damaged Shenzhou-20 to Return Uncrewed for Ground Inspection After Window Crack

China will return the damaged Shenzhou-20 capsule to Earth without crew so engineers can closely inspect a crack found in the return-window. The defect, discovered just before a planned Nov. 5 departure after a six-month stay on Tiangong, forced the crew to return in a different spacecraft nine days later. Officials say a particle of debris smaller than 1 mm likely caused a crack more than 1 cm long; a full forensic examination will take place after recovery. The findings will guide safety and design improvements in China's crewed space programme.

Damaged Shenzhou-20 to Return Uncrewed for Ground Inspection After Window Crack

By Eduardo Baptista

China will send the damaged Shenzhou-20 spacecraft back to Earth without its crew so engineers can perform a close, on-the-ground inspection of a crack discovered in the capsule's return-window, state broadcaster CCTV reported.

What happened

The capsule's return had been scheduled for Nov. 5 after a six-month mission aboard the Tiangong space station. Just before departure, the Shenzhou-20 crew discovered a crack in the return capsule's window. Concerned it could propagate and risk cabin depressurisation, mission leaders postponed the return—the first mid-mission safety grounding in China's crewed spaceflight history.

Nine days later, the Shenzhou-20 crew returned to Earth in a different spacecraft, temporarily leaving Tiangong with no immediately available return vehicle. To restore a safe return option for the station crew, China mounted an emergency launch on Nov. 25, 20 days after the original delay.

Why the uncrewed return

Ji Qiming, a spokesperson for the China Manned Space Agency, told CCTV that Shenzhou-20 will be deorbited and recovered without crew so technicians can "obtain the most authentic experimental data" from a direct physical examination of the damaged components. The capsule remains docked to Tiangong until the uncrewed descent is executed.

"Our preliminary judgement is that the piece of space debris was smaller than 1 millimetre, but it was travelling incredibly fast. The resulting crack extends over a centimetre," Jia Shijin, a Shenzhou spacecraft designer, said.

Jia explained the limitation of in-orbit inspection: the crack cannot be fully evaluated while the capsule remains docked, so a thorough forensic examination must wait until the vehicle is back on the ground. Officials said the original delay was taken on the basis of a worst-case scenario: if the crack propagated it could cause rapid depressurisation and the ingress of high-speed gases that might overwhelm life-support systems.

Implications

Engineers will use data from the recovered capsule to refine safety measures and inform design changes across China's human spaceflight programme. The decision to bring Shenzhou-20 down uncrewed reflects a cautious, data-driven approach to astronaut safety and to understanding micrometeoroid and orbital debris risks.

The technical investigation that follows is expected to influence inspection protocols, window materials and shielding strategies for future missions.

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