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Emergency Shenzhou-22 Launch and Docking at Tiangong Averts Astronaut Stranding

China launched an uncrewed Shenzhou-22 on Nov. 25 to replace a capsule at the Tiangong space station after debris likely caused a crack in Shenzhou-20’s window. The emergency launch and fast docking restored the station’s backup return vehicle and validated China’s “one-for-one, rolling backup” approach. Shenzhou-20 will remain docked for further tests and possible repair, and officials say another emergency rocket will be readied if needed.

Emergency Shenzhou-22 Launch and Docking at Tiangong Averts Astronaut Stranding

China’s uncrewed Shenzhou-22 spacecraft successfully docked with the Tiangong space station on Nov. 25, restoring a replacement return vehicle after orbital debris left a docked capsule unsafe.

The China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) ordered the emergency launch after an inspection found a crack in the window of the Shenzhou-20 capsule — a defect officials say was likely caused by small debris in orbit. That crack delayed the planned Nov. 5 departure of Shenzhou-20 and prompted a review of the spacecraft’s safety.

To ensure the station crew would have a reliable lifeboat, CMSA launched Shenzhou-21 on Oct. 31 and then sent the Shenzhou-22 replacement on Nov. 25. The Shenzhou-20 crew returned to Earth aboard Shenzhou-21 on Nov. 13–14, and Shenzhou-22 docked with Tiangong hours after its launch, restoring the station’s backup return vehicle.

Agency response and lessons learned

“The entire project team responded calmly and scientifically, with all participating research and testing units working together to overcome difficulties,” CMSA said, noting teams completed risk analysis and assessments within 20 days.

Officials described the operation as a validation of China’s “one-for-one, rolling backup” approach — a system that maintains ready replacement spacecraft to respond quickly to emergencies. CMSA said the episode demonstrated the program’s ability to react rapidly and coordinate complex technical tasks under time pressure.

Shenzhou-20 will remain docked at Tiangong for further experiments, damage analysis and possible repair work on the cracked window. Agency officials also said they would prepare an additional emergency rocket and capsule as a further contingency.

Context

Orbital debris — even small fragments — poses a persistent hazard to spacecraft and crewed stations. Rapid inspections, redundancy in return vehicles and the ability to mount emergency launches are methods space agencies use to reduce risk and protect crews.

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