U.S. Readies New Phase of Operations Targeting Venezuela as Tensions Mount

Overview: Four U.S. officials say the United States is preparing to launch a new phase of operations related to Venezuela within days, with covert actions likely to lead any initial moves. While officials spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the matter, they say plans are advancing amid a significant U.S. military presence in the Caribbean.

What U.S. officials say

U.S. sources report that options under consideration include covert operations and, at the far end of the spectrum, efforts to remove President Nicolás Maduro from power. Administration officials have framed these measures in part as responses to allegations that Maduro and associated networks traffic illegal drugs that harm Americans; Maduro rejects any involvement in the drug trade.

Military posture and recent activity

The U.S. has reinforced forces in the region, including the aircraft carrier Gerald R. Ford and its strike group, joined by additional warships, a nuclear submarine and F-35 aircraft. U.S. forces have, since September, carried out at least 21 strikes on vessels the U.S. has described as drug-running boats, actions that officials say were counter-narcotics missions and that have resulted in at least 83 deaths.

The Federal Aviation Administration issued an advisory warning of a “potentially hazardous situation” when flying over Venezuela; following that advisory, three international carriers canceled flights departing Venezuela.

Designation of Cartel de los Soles

U.S. officials say the administration plans to designate the Cartel de los Soles as a foreign terrorist organization for its alleged role in trafficking drugs into the United States. The administration has accused Maduro of leading or enabling that network, a charge he denies. U.S. Defense officials said the designation would expand the tools available to the United States.

Venezuela's potential response

Given the disparity between the two militaries — with Venezuela hampered by low pay, limited training and aged equipment — Caracas has reportedly discussed contingency plans it calls “prolonged resistance.” Those plans envision small units operating across more than 280 locations to carry out sabotage and guerrilla-style actions if faced with an invasion.

Legal and humanitarian concerns

Human rights groups have condemned recent strikes on suspected drug vessels as possible extrajudicial killings, and some international partners have expressed concern about potential violations of international law. The evolving situation has also included diplomatic contacts between Caracas and Washington, though officials say it is unclear whether talks might change the timing or scope of U.S. operations.

Key facts: reported imminent operations led by covert actions; U.S. military buildup in the Caribbean including the Gerald R. Ford; at least 21 strikes since September with 83 dead; planned designation of Cartel de los Soles as a foreign terrorist organization; $50 million reward offered for information leading to Maduro’s arrest.