How many times has Israel allegedly breached the Gaza ceasefire? The numbers and context

One month on: reported violations and human cost

One month after a ceasefire was declared in the Gaza Strip, local authorities and aid groups report that attacks attributed to Israeli forces have continued almost daily, causing hundreds of casualties and raising questions about whether the truce is being routinely breached.

According to the Gaza Government Media Office, there were at least 282 alleged violations of the ceasefire between 10 October and 10 November. That tally, which Al Jazeera is tracking, covers air strikes, artillery fire and direct shootings. The office provided this breakdown:

• Fired on civilians: 88 incidents
• Raids into residential areas beyond the “yellow line”: 12 occasions
• Bombardments: 124 strikes
• Properties demolished: 52 incidents
• Palestinians detained: 23 people

Context: the ceasefire framework and diplomatic effort

On 29 September, the United States unveiled a 20-point proposal intended to end the fighting, secure the release of captives, permit full humanitarian access and outline a phased withdrawal of Israeli forces. Palestinian representatives say they were not involved in drafting that proposal.

The first phase included several conditions that remain central to the deal in force: an immediate cessation of hostilities by both Israel and Hamas; lifting restrictions so all humanitarian aid may enter Gaza and preventing interference with aid distribution; release of all captives held in Gaza (alive or dead) by Hamas; the release of roughly 2,000 Palestinians held or disappeared in Israeli custody; and the withdrawal of Israeli forces to the so-called “yellow line.”

Following mediation by regional partners, representatives from some ~30 countries gathered on 13 October for a ceremony to endorse a Gaza ceasefire agreement. Notably, neither Israel nor Hamas attended the public signing, which raised immediate doubts about the summit’s ability to resolve the underlying political issues.

Frequency of reported incidents and immediate toll

Al Jazeera’s analysis found that Israeli forces struck Gaza on 25 of the 31 days after the ceasefire began, meaning only six days had no reported violent incidents, deaths or injuries. Despite this, some international officials continued to describe the truce as holding in a limited sense while acknowledging ongoing incidents.

Palestinian health authorities report that since the ceasefire took effect at midday on 10 October, at least 242 Palestinians were killed and 622 injured. Two particularly deadly days — 19 and 29 October — accounted for a combined 154 deaths. On 19 October, Israeli strikes following the deaths of two Israeli soldiers in Rafah reportedly killed 45 people across Gaza. On 29 October, an exchange of gunfire in Rafah that left one Israeli soldier dead was followed by strikes that local authorities say killed 109 people, including 52 children.

Longer-term casualty figures

The Palestinian Ministry of Health reports that, from 7 October 2023 through 10 November 2025, at least 69,179 people have been killed in Gaza — including 20,179 children — and at least 170,693 injured. These figures are widely cited by Palestinian authorities and humanitarian groups.

Humanitarian access and aid deliveries

Although the ceasefire text stipulated that full aid must be immediately allowed into Gaza, independent monitoring and aid agencies report major shortfalls. The World Food Programme estimates only about half of the required food aid is reaching Gaza, and a coalition of Palestinian relief agencies says overall deliveries amount to roughly a quarter of what the ceasefire envisaged.

UN monitoring data (the UN2720 Tracking Dashboard) shows that from 10 October to 9 November only 3,451 trucks reached their intended destinations inside Gaza. The Gaza Government Media Office reported that as of 6 November, 4,453 trucks had entered Gaza since the ceasefire began, far short of the expected 15,600 (about 171 trucks per day versus the 600 per day target). The White House has cited a higher figure — nearly 15,000 trucks — a number disputed by Palestinian officials and aid groups.

Relief agencies also report that Israeli authorities are blocking more than 350 essential and nutritious items (including meat, dairy and fresh vegetables) while permitting many non-nutritious packaged goods.

Prisoner and body exchanges

Under the October 13 deal, Hamas released the remaining 20 living Israeli captives in exchange for 250 Palestinians serving long sentences and about 1,700 people who had disappeared since early October 2023. The deal also called for reciprocal transfers of remains: Hamas was to hand over 28 Israeli bodies in exchange for 360 Palestinian bodies held by Israel.

By 10 November, Hamas had handed over the bodies of 24 Israeli captives, with four still reported in Gaza; Hamas has said recovering the remaining bodies will require heavy excavation equipment. Israel has returned roughly 300 Palestinian bodies, many of which Palestinian sources say showed signs of mutilation; some remain unidentified.

Legal and practical implications

Legal experts note that a ceasefire is typically intended to halt active combat or “freeze” a conflict, but its status can be legally ambiguous. As the Lieber Institute explains, resuming hostilities can breach the political terms of an agreement; it becomes a matter of international law only when the ceasefire is embodied in a binding treaty or a UN Security Council resolution.

Conclusion

The reported pattern of alleged violations, contested aid statistics and disputed returns of prisoners and bodies have left the ceasefire fragile and its implementation inconsistent. Independent verification, transparent reporting and unhindered humanitarian access remain crucial to assessing whether the truce can be sustained or strengthened.