Purdue Unveils $2.90 Paper Biosensor to Detect GMO Corn and Soy in Under an Hour

Purdue Develops Low-Cost, Rapid Paper Biosensor for Field Detection of GM Crops

Researchers in Mohit Verma's laboratory at Purdue University have developed a patent-pending, paper-based biosensor that uses loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to detect genetically modified (GM) corn and soybean traits quickly and affordably. The team says the test delivers reliable results in under an hour and costs about $2.90 per assay, making molecular diagnostics practical for on-farm use.

How the Test Works

The LAMP method amplifies target DNA at a constant temperature, eliminating the need for complex thermocycling equipment used in conventional PCR tests. The paper-based format requires only a tiny leaf sample — about a quarter-inch pinch — that is macerated and diluted in water. This simplified sample prep avoids the need for purified DNA and laboratory-only instruments.

"This study was the first demonstration from our lab on the use of the biosensors on plant material," said Mohit Verma. "It further demonstrates the use of this LAMP-based technology for One Health applications that cut across ecosystems — human, animal, and plant well-being."

Performance and Practical Benefits

The Purdue team reports results in less than an hour from sample extraction. Co-author Bilal Ahmed noted that many other LAMP approaches can cost more than $8 per test and often require purified DNA, which demands lab access and expensive equipment. By contrast, the paper biosensor is designed for on-site use by growers with minimal equipment.

Targets, Licensing, and Funding

The current assay targets Roundup-Ready 1 and 2 soybean varieties and the RHS1 trait in corn. The technology is patent-pending through Purdue Innovates and has been licensed to Krishi, Inc., a molecular diagnostics company. Bayer Crop Science provided funding and stated the method can be adapted to other GM traits and crops for field-level monitoring.

Why This Matters

On-site testing helps farmers verify seed purity for organic production, confirm contractual trait specifications, and monitor unintended gene flow where bioengineered crops grow near other varieties. GM traits can provide disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, improved nutrition, or help remediate contaminated soils — benefits that can support climate resilience and food security.

Making affordable, fast diagnostics available in the field can speed decision-making, reduce dependence on centralized labs, and help maintain crop integrity without adding significant costs to production.

"Farmers can use it whenever they need it," said Bilal Ahmed, highlighting the tool's accessibility and ease of use for routine field checks.