Identity‑first or Person‑first? A Clear Guide to Writing About Autism and Mental Health

Autism and mental health are complex topics that require careful, respectful language. This guide explains the principles we follow when referring to people and their conditions, and why those choices matter.

Person‑first language for mental health and disabilities

When describing someone’s experience with a mental health condition or a disability, we generally use person‑first language. For example, we write “living with schizophrenia” or “has a diagnosis of schizophrenia” rather than labeling someone “a schizophrenic.” The intent is to emphasize the person before the condition: an illness or disability is something a person has, not the whole of who they are.

Identity‑first language and autism

Many autistic people prefer identity‑first language — for example, “autistic person” rather than “person with autism.” Advocates explain that autism is an intrinsic part of their identity and not something separate that can be peeled away. Research in English‑speaking countries finds a majority of autistic people favor identity‑first phrasing, and that preference guides our usual style in coverage about autism.

Honor individual preferences

Preferences vary. Some people in the autism community prefer person‑first language, and when an individual explicitly states how they wish to be described, we honor that choice. When quoting someone directly, we use the exact words they used.

Autism, mental health, and comorbidity

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects social communication and sensory processing; it is not classified as a mental health disorder and is not something that can be "cured." Studies report that as many as up to 80% of autistic adults have at least one co‑occurring mental health condition, such as anxiety or depression. These co‑occurring conditions are distinct from autism and often respond to appropriate interventions and treatment.

Reporting on suicide: safety and responsibility

Evidence shows that detailed descriptions of suicide methods can increase risk for people who are struggling. For safety reasons, we do not describe the specific methods people use to end their lives, even if that information emerges during reporting.

Accuracy and evolving language

Our stories are based on the best available information at the time of publication. As research, community preferences, and understanding evolve, we update our language to reflect current knowledge and to respect the people we write about.

Key practice: Use person‑first language for most mental health and disability contexts; generally use identity‑first language for autism unless an individual requests otherwise; always follow the person’s stated preference and prioritize safe reporting practices.